ANCARD_ALL variables are 2-digit variables.
0 = No
10 = Yes
11 = Yes, card seen
12 = Yes, card not seen
97 = Don't know
98 = Missing
99 = NIU (not in universe)
Description
For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARD_ALL (M12_x) indicates whether they received an antenatal card for a pregnancy. Those who did not see anyone for antenatal care were assumed to have no antenatal card.
ANCARD_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARD_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARD_02, ANCARD_03, ANCARD_04, ANCARD_05, and ANCARD_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARD_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file.
For most surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCARD_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS.
Comparability
Apart from universe differences, ANCARD_ALL has no comparability problems. Surveys in which these data were collected on only the most recent birth or two most recent births are noted below.
Comparability - Standard DHS
ANCARD_ALL (M12_x) is included in Phase II of the standard DHS questionnaire.
Universe
- Benin 2017: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and who took SP/Fansidar from an antenatal care visit while pregnant.
- Burkina Faso 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Burkina Faso 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and received antenatal care.
- Burundi 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and received antenatal care.
- Cameroon 1991: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Central African Republic 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
- Chad 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and received antenatal care.
- Cote d'Ivoire 1994: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey and received antenatal care.
- Egypt 2003: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and received any medical care while pregnant.
- Gabon 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and received antenatal care.
- Ghana 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
- Ghana 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and received antenatal care.
- Ghana 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and received antenatal care.
- Guinea 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and received antenatal care.
- India 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and who registered the pregnancy.
- India 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and who registered the pregnancy.
- India 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and who registered the pregnancy.
- Kenya 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Madagascar 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Malawi 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Morocco 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Namibia 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Namibia 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and received antenatal care.
- Niger 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Nigeria 1990: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Pakistan 1991: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Rwanda 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Senegal 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Senegal 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Tanzania 1991: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Zambia 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
- Zambia 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and received antenatal care.
