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NBFEDBUTTER_ALL (NBFEDBUTTER_ALL)
Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Butter/ghee
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NBFEDBUTTER_ALL variables are 1-digit variables.

Codes

0 = No
1 = Yes
8 = Missing
9 = NIU (not in universe)

Description

For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDBUTTER_ALL indicates whether the child was given (fresh) butter or ghee (clarified butter with milk solids removed) in the first three days after birth.

NBFEDBUTTER_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDBUTTER_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDBUTTER_02, NBFEDBUTTER_03, NBFEDBUTTER_04, NBFEDBUTTER_05, and NBFEDBUTTER_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDBUTTER_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file.

For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDBUTTER_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS.

As detailed in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born children only (NBFEDBUTTER_01).

Comparability

Along with universe differences, NBFEDBUTTER_ALL has some slight differences in question wording across samples, in line with the changing wording of the standard question. Specifically, some samples used the phrase "before your milk began flowing freely" as well as "in the first three days after delivery" to define the reference period. Other samples used only "the first three days after delivery" to define the reference period. In addition, the type of butter specified (e.g., "fresh butter" versus "ghee") is country-specific. Consult the Survey Text tab to determine the question wording for samples of interest.

Comparability - Standard DHS

NBFEDBUTTER_ALL is based on an open-ended question about country-specific foods given to newborns, included in the standard DHS questionnaire for Phase 4 forward. In Phase 4, the standard question wording included the clause "before your milk began flowing regularly," but this phrase was dropped in Phase 5.

Universe

  • Ethiopia 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and ever breastfed the last-born child.
  • Ethiopia 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and ever breastfed the last-born child.
  • Nepal 2001: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Pakistan 1991: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and who breastfed the last-born child, but who did not put the child to the breast "immediately."
  • Pakistan 2006: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and ever breastfed the last-born child.
  • Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and ever breastfed the last-born child.
  • Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and ever breastfed the last-born child.
  • Ethiopia: 2005-W, 2005-W, 2011-W, 2011-W
  • Nepal: 2001-W
  • Pakistan: 1991-W, 2006-W, 2012-W, 2012-W
  • Uganda: 2006-W, 2006-W