Codes and Frequencies
Description
CURRWORK (V714) indicates whether the woman is currently working at a job or business. To distinguish employment from household labor, many surveys included a preface such as the following: "As you know, some women take up jobs for which they are paid in cash or in kind. Others sell things, have a small business or work on the family farm or in the family business." Women who have worked outside of their own housework in the last 12 months and been paid in cash, cash and in-kind, or only in-kind payments are included as working, although the survey questions vary in who receives an affirmative response. See Comparability.
Comparability — Index
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GENERAL Angola Burundi Egypt |
Ghana Kenya Mali Senegal |
Sri Lanka Tunisia Uganda Yemen |
Comparability
CURRWORK (V714) has significant variation in question wording. The majority of surveys simply ask whether the woman is currently working, with a prefacing statement to distinguish between household labor and labor outside of the home (quoted in the Description). However, some surveys depart from this format and in Phase I often only ask if the woman is working for cash. Users should be especially attentive to the question wording on Survey Text tab and to the text of surrounding questions when using this variable. Surveys that specifically ask if the woman was working for cash are noted below.
Additionally, in some samples, the woman is first asked whether she currently does any work other than household labor. Women who say "no" are read the statement distinguishing between household labor and outside of the home (quoted in the Description), and they are then asked again whether they are currently working. Because not all samples distinguish between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses, IPUMS-DHS uses composite coding, with all affirmative responses sharing a first digit of "1," and with the second digit distinguishing between "yes, spontaneously" (code "11"), and "yes, probed" (code "12').
Comparability - Standard DHS
CURRWORK (V714) is included in the DHS questionnaire starting in Phase I, as a part of the Women's Status module. It is removed for Phase II, returns again in Phase III as a part of the standard DHS questionnaire, and is included from Phase III forward.
Comparability — Angola [top]
The 2015 Angola survey asks about employment in the household questionnaire rather than the women's questionnaire.
Comparability — Burundi [top]
The 1987 Burundi survey specifically asks, "Other than on a farm or in a business run by your family, are you now working to earn money?" Women working for in-kind payment may not have responded affirmatively to this question.
Comparability — Egypt [top]
The Egypt 1988 survey specifically asks if the respondent is working for cash.
Comparability — Ghana [top]
The Ghana 1988 survey specifically mentions that "many women work in order to earn money." Women who were not working for cash may not have responded affirmatively to the question about their current work status.
Comparability — Kenya [top]
The Kenya 1989 survey specifically asks, "Are you now working to earn money other than on a farm or in a business run by your family?" Women working for in-kind payment may not have responded affirmatively to this question.
Comparability — Mali [top]
The Mali 1987 survey asks, "Outside of working the field or in a family business, do you work to make money?" Women working for in-kind payment may not have answered affirmatively to this question.
Comparability — Senegal [top]
The 1986 Senegal survey specifically asks, "Other than on a farm or in a business run by your family, are you now working to earn money?" Women working for in-kind payment may not have responded affirmatively to this question.
Comparability — Sri Lanka [top]
The 1987 Sri Lanka survey specifically asks "Are you now working to earn money other than on a farm or in a business run by your family?" Women working for in-kind payment may not have responded affirmatively to this question.
The related variable WKFAMBUSIN indicates whether the respondent is working to earn money on a farm or in a business run by her family.
Comparability — Tunisia [top]
The 1988 Tunisia survey specifically asks, "Other than on a farm or in a business run by your family, are you now working to earn money?" Women working for in-kind payment may not have responded affirmatively to this question.
Comparability — Uganda [top]
The Uganda 1988 survey specifically asks "Are you now working to earn money other than on a farm or in a business run by your family?" Women working for in-kind payment may not have responded affirmatively to this question.
Comparability — Yemen [top]
The 1991 Yemen survey asks, "Are you now doing any work for cash?" It then asks, "Do you assist any family member in his/her work? Do you assist someone not in the family in his/her work?" Respondents who reported assisting a family member or someone not in the family with his/her work are coded as giving an affirmative response.
Universe
- Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Angola 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Bangladesh 1994: Ever-married women age 10-49.
- Bangladesh 1997: Ever-married women age 10-49.
- Bangladesh 2000: Ever-married women age 10-49.
- Bangladesh 2004: Ever-married women age 10-49.
- Bangladesh 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Bangladesh 2011: Ever-married women age 12-49.
- Bangladesh 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Benin 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Benin 2001: All women age 15-49.
- Benin 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Benin 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Benin 2017: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 1993: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Burkina Faso 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Burundi 1987: All women age 15-49.
- Burundi 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Burundi 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 1991: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Cameroon 2018: All women age 15-64.
- Central African Republic 1995: All women age 15-49.
- Chad 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Chad 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Chad 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: All women age 15-49.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Congo Brazzaville 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Congo Brazzaville 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Cote d'Ivoire 1994: All women age 15-49.
- Cote d'Ivoire 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Cote d'Ivoire 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Egypt 1988: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 1992: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 1995: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2000: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2003: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Ethiopia 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 1988: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 1993: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Ghana 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 1999: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Guinea 2018: All women age 15-49.
- India 1992: Ever-married women age 13-49.
- India 1998: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- India 2005: All women age 15-49.
- India 2015: Women age 15-49 in households selected for the state module.
- Jordan 1990: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 1997: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2002: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2009: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Kenya 1989: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 1993: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49 in households selected for the long questionnaire.
- Lesotho 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Lesotho 2009: All women age 15-49.
- Lesotho 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 2007: All women age 15-49.
- Liberia 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 1997: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Madagascar 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Malawi 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 1987: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 1995: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2001: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Mali 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Morocco 1987: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Morocco 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Morocco 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Mozambique 1997: All women age 15-49.
- Mozambique 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Mozambique 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Myanmar 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Namibia 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Namibia 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Namibia 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Namibia 2013: All women age 15-64.
- Nepal 1996: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Nepal 2001: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Nepal 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Nepal 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Nepal 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Niger 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 1990: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 1999: All women age 10-49.
- Nigeria 2003: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 2008: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Nigeria 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Pakistan 1991: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Pakistan 2006: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2000: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Rwanda 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 1986: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 1997: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2012: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2014: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Senegal 2017: All women age 15-49.
- South Africa 1998: All women age 15-49.
- South Africa 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Sri Lanka 1987: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Sudan 1989: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 1991: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 1999: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 2004: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Tanzania 2015: All women age 15-49.
- Togo 1988: All women age 15-49.
- Togo 1998: All women age 15-49.
- Togo 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Tunisia 1988: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Uganda 1988: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 1995: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2001: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2006: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2011: All women age 15-49.
- Uganda 2016: All women age 15-49.
- Yemen 1991: Ever-married women age 15-54.
- Yemen 2013: Ever-married women age 15-49.
- Zambia 1992: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 1996: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 2001: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 2007: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 2013: All women age 15-49.
- Zambia 2018: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 1988: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 1994: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 1999: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 2005: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 2010: All women age 15-49.
- Zimbabwe 2015: All women age 15-49.
