Survey Text

Burkina Faso 2014 Guinea 1999 Madagascar 2016 Rwanda 2000
Burkina Faso 2018 Madagascar 2011 Mali 2015 Rwanda 2005
Ghana 2016 Madagascar 2013 Mali 2018 Togo 2017
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Burkina Faso 2014
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115. In your opinion, what is the main cause of malaria?

[###Translator's note: possibly should read: If respondent replies "mosquito bite", then Probe]

MOSQUITO BITE

PROBE: No other way?

RECORD ALL MENTIONED

(codes B - Z, all skip to 117)

A MOSQUITO BITE
B OVER CONSUMPTION OF OIL
C TIRED DUE TO WORK
D INSUFFICIENT SLEEP
E DIRECT EXPOSURE TO SUN
F EATING MANGOS/SUGARY FRUIT
G DRINKING MILK
X OTHER (SPECIFY) _______
Z DK

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Burkina Faso 2018
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115. In your opinion, what is the main cause of malaria?

[###Translator's note: possibly should read: If respondent replies "mosquito bite", then Probe]

MOSQUITO BITE
PROBE: Any other way?

RECORD ALL MENTIONED

A MOSQUITO BITE
B OVER CONSUMPTION OF OIL
C TIRED DUE TO WORK
D INSUFFICIENT SLEEP
E DIRECT EXPOSURE TO SUN
F EATING MANGOS/SUGARY FRUIT
G DRINKING MILK
X OTHER (SPECIFY) _______
Z DK

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Ghana 2016
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110A. Now I would like you to talk about malaria. In your opinion, what causes malaria? What else?

RECORD ALL MENTIONED.

EATING SWEET FOODS A
STANDING/WORKING IN THE SUN B
EATING CONTAMINATED FOOD C
MOSQUITO BITES D
MALARIA PARASITE (P. FALCIPARUM) E
HEREDITARY F
DIRTY SURROUNDINGS G
WEEDY SURROUNDINGS H
STAGNANT WATER I

OTHER ________________(SPECIFY) X

DON'T KNOW Z

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Guinea 1999
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1104. How do you catch malaria?
RECORD ALL RESPONSES MENTIONED.

WORKING A LONG TIME IN THE SUN A
WORKING IN THE RAIN B
WALKING BAREFOOT IN WATER C
DRINKING DIRTY WATER D
BATHING AT NIGHT WITH COLD WATER E
STAYING OUTSIDE IN THE COLD F
DRINKING A COOL DRINK G
GETTING A MOSQUITO BITE H
OTHER (SPECIFY) _____ X
DOESN'T KNOW Z

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Madagascar 2011
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401. How does a person contract malaria?

PROBE: Any other way?

RECORD ALL MENTIONED.

A LACK OF HYGIENE IN SURROUNDINGS
B MOSQUITO BITE
C NOT TAKING PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
D PHYSICAL EFFORT/FATIGUE
E DIRECT EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT DURING WORK
F STAYING OUT IN THE RAIN
G SUDDEN CHANGE OF CLIMATE
H MALNUTRITION
I EATING FRUIT
J LACK OF PERSONAL HYGIENE
K IN THE BUSH
W OTHER (SPECIFY) ______
X OTHER (SPECIFY) ______
Z DK

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Madagascar 2013
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401. How can a person contract malaria?

PROBE: No other way?
RECORD ALL MENTIONED.

A LACK OF HYGIENE IN SURROUNDINGS
B MOSQUITO BITE
C NOT TAKING PREVENTIVE MEDECINE
D PHYSICAL EFFORT/FATIGUE
E DIRECT EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT WHILE WORKING
F STAYING OUT IN THE RAIN
G SUDDEN CHANGE IN CLIMATE
H MALNUTRITION
I EATING FRUIT
J LACK OF PERSONAL HYGIENE
K IN THE BUSH
W OTHER (SPECIFY) ______
X OTHER (SPECIFY) ______
Z DK

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Madagascar 2016
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SECTION 5. KNOWLEDGE OF MALARIA

501) How can people get malaria?

PROBE: Any other ways?

RECORD ALL MENTIONED.

UNHYGIENIC ENVIRONMENT A
MOSQUITO BITE B
NOT TAKING PRESCRIBED PREVENTATIVE DRUGS C
PHYSICAL EXERTION/FATIGUE D
EXPOSURE TO DIRECT SUNLIGHT DURING WORK E
STAYING IN THE RAIN F
SUDDEN CHANGE OF WEATHER G
MALNUTRITION H
EATING FRUIT I
POOR BODILY HYGIENE J
BY BRUSH K
OTHER (SPECIFY) ____ W
OTHER (SPECIFY) ____ X
DON'T KNOW Z

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Mali 2015
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115. In your opinion, what is the main cause of malaria?

MOSQUITO BITE

PROBE: No other cause?

RECORD ALL MENTIONED

(All Skip to 117)
A MOSQUITO BITE
B OVERCONSUMPTION OF OIL/EGGS
C FATIGUE DUE TO WORK
D LACK OF SLEEP/FATIGUE
E DIRECT EXPOSURE TO SUN
F CONSUMPTION OF MANGOS/SUGARY FRUITS
G CONSUMPTION OF MILK
H DIRTY WATER/DIRTY ENVIRONMENT/FILTH
I UNCLEAN FOOD/POORLY CONSERVED FOOD/FLIES
J COLD FOOD/FROZEN FOOD
K COLD/HUMIDITY/RAINS
X OTHER (SPECIFY) ______
Z DK

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Mali 2018
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128) In your opinion, what is the main cause of malaria?
RECORD ALL MENTIONED

MOSQUITO BITE A
EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION OF OIL/EGGS B
FATIGUE FROM WORK C
LACK OF SLEEP/FATIGUE D
DIRECT EXPOSURE TO THE SUN E
CONSUMPTION OF MANGOS/SWEET FRUIT F
CONSUMPTION OF MILK G
DIRTY WATER/DIRTY ENVIRONMENT/DIRTINESS H
DIRTY/POORLY PRESERVED FOOD/FLIES I
COLD FOOD/FROZEN FOOD J
COOLNESS/HUMIDITY/RAIN K
OTHER (SPECIFY) X
DON'T KNOW Z

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Rwanda 2000
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495. How can they get malaria?
RECORD ALL MENTIONED

WHEN IT IS COLD A
WHEN IT IS HOT B
SEASONAL CHANGES C
MOSQUITOES D
KISSING E
EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT F
WITCHCRAFT G
OTHER (SPECIFY)_____ X

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Rwanda 2005
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490E. How can they catch malaria?
RECORD ALL THAT IS MENTIONED.

WHEN IT IS COLD A
WHEN IT IS HOT B
CHANGE OF SEASON C
MOSQUITOS D
HUGGING E
EXPOSURE TO THE SUN F
WITCHCRAFT/SORCERY G
OTHER (SPECIFY)____ X

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Togo 2017
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111. Now I would like to ask you some questions about malaria. How do you think people can get malaria?

RECORD ALL MENTIONED

UNHYGIENIC ENVIRONMENT A
MOSQUITO BITE B
NOT TAKING PRESCRIBED PREVENTATIVE DRUGS C
PHYSICAL EXERTION/FATIGUE D
EXPOSURE TO DIRECT SUNLIGHT DURING WORK E
STAYING IN THE RAIN F
SUDDEN CHANGE OF WEATHER G
MALNUTRITION H
EATING FRUIT I
POOR BODILY HYGIENE J
BY BRUSH K
OTHER ____ (SPECIFY) W
OTHER ____ (SPECIFY) X
DON'T KNOW Z