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DVRBRUISE
(D110A)Ever had bruises because of husband's actions
Codes and Frequencies
Description
For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRBRUISE (D110A) indicates whether the woman ever had bruises or aches because of her husband/partner's actions.
Comparability — Index
Comparability
There are differences in both question wording and universe that limit the comparability of DVRBRUISE across samples.
All samples that include DVRBRUISE ask, at a minimum, whether the woman had ever had bruises as a result of violence from her husband/partner. In addition, some samples ask whether the woman had aches, cuts and aches, or lumps, as a result of her husband's or partner's actions.
The majority of samples ask whether the woman experienced cuts, bruises or aches. Samples that deviate from this norm or may be affected by universe variations are discussed below.
Comparability - Standard DHS
DVRBRUISE (D110A) is not included in the standard DHS questionnaire for any phase, but it is included in phases IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII of the standard domestic violence module.
In the first version of the standard domestic violence module, which was used alongside the standard DHS questionnaire through Phase IV, the respondent was asked whether she experienced "bruises and aches."
From the second version forward of the standard domestic violence module, which was used alongside the standard DHS questionnaire beginning in Phase V, the respondent was asked whether she experienced, "cuts, bruises, or aches."
Comparability — Burkina Faso [top]
Burkina Faso 2010 only asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in this question.
Comparability — Cambodia [top]
Cambodia 2000 and 2005 only ask about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in its survey question.
Comparability — Colombia [top]
Colombia 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 only ask about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in this question.
Comparability — Cote d'Ivoire [top]
Côte dâIvoire 2011 only asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in this question.
Comparability — Egypt [top]
Egypt 2005 only asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in its survey question.
Comparability — Haiti [top]
The Haiti 2000 survey asks about bruises, excluding cuts and aches from the question.
Comparability — Honduras [top]
The Honduras 2005 survey asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in its survey question.
Comparability — Kenya [top]
The universe for most samples that contain DVRBRUISE includes women who had ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner. However, the Kenya 2003 sample includes women who had ever been married, without necessarily having experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
Analysts who wish to improve comparability between the Kenya 2003 sample and other samples may wish to restrict the Kenya 2003 sample by conditioning on a "Yes" response to any one of the following: DVPLSEVER (D106), DVPMSEVER (D107), DVPSEXEVER (D108).
The Kenya 2003 survey additionally only asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in this question.
The Kenya 2008, 2014, and 2022 samples do not share Kenya 2003's universe or question wording comparability problems.
Comparability — Malawi [top]
The universe for most samples that contain DVRBRUISE includes women who had ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner. However, the Malawi 2004 sample includes women who had ever been married, without necessarily having experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
Analysts who wish to improve comparability between the Malawi 2004 sample and other samples may wish to restrict the Malawi 2004 sample by conditioning on a "Yes" response to any one of the following: DVPLSEVER (D106), DVPMSEVER (D107), DVPSEXEVER (D108).
The Malawi 2004 survey additionally only asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in this question.
The Malawi 2010 and 2016 samples do not share Malawi 2004's universe or question wording comparability problems.
Comparability — Mali [top]
Mali 2006 asks about bruises or lumps, excluding cuts and aches from the question.
Mali 2012 asks about bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in this question.
Comparability — Peru [top]
The 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 Peru survey asks about only bruises or aches (excluding cuts) in this question.
Comparability — South Africa [top]
The 2016 South Africa survey asks about the respondent's current or most recent spouse, live-in partner, or boyfriend.
Universe
- Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Angola 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Armenia 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Azerbaijan 2006: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Benin 2017: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Burkina Faso 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Burkina Faso 2021: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, lived with, or in an intimate relationship with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Burundi 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Cambodia 2000: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module.
- Cambodia 2005: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Cambodia 2014: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Cambodia 2021: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, lived with, or in an intimate relationship with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Cameroon 2004: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man (excluding widows), and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Cameroon 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Cameroon 2018: Women age 15-64 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Chad 2014: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Colombia 2000: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Colombia 2005: Women age 13-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Colombia 2010: Women age 13-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Colombia 2015: Women age 13-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, except for women who only experienced being attacked with a knife/gun or other weapon.
- Comoros 2012: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Cote d'Ivoire 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Cote d'Ivoire 2021: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, lived with, or in an intimate relationship with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Dominican Republic 2002: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Dominican Republic 2007: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Dominican Republic 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Ethiopia 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Gabon 2012: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Gabon 2019: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner or whose husband/partner has ever prevented her from making herself look pretty.
- Gambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Gambia 2019: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Ghana 2008: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Ghana 2022: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, lived with, or in an intimate relationship with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Guatemala 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Haiti 2000: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Haiti 2006: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Haiti 2012: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Haiti 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Honduras 2005: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Honduras 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- India 2005: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever been in a consummated marriage, and who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- India 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever been in a consummated marriage, and who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- India 2019: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever been in a consummated marriage, and who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Jordan 2023: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Kenya 2003: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man (excluding widows), and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Kenya 2008: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, in households selected for the long questionnaire. (for mothers of young children)
- Kenya 2022: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, lived with, or in an intimate relationship with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Kyrgyz Republic 2012: Women age 16-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Lesotho 2023: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, lived with, or in an intimate relationship with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Liberia 2007: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Liberia 2019: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Madagascar 2021: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Malawi 2004: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man (excluding widows), and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Malawi 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Malawi 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Maldives 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Mali 2006: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Mali 2012: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Mali 2018: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Mauritania 2021: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Moldova 2005: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Mozambique 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Mozambique 2022: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, lived with, or in an intimate relationship with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Myanmar 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Namibia 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Nepal 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Nepal 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Nepal 2022: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, lived with, or in an intimate relationship with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Nigeria 2008: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Nigeria 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Nigeria 2018: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical violence from their husband.
- Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband.
- Papua New Guinea 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Peru 2006: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Peru 2009: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Peru 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Peru 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Peru 2012: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Philippines 2008: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical, sexual, or emotional violence from their husband/partner.
- Philippines 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical, sexual, or emotional violence from their husband/partner.
- Philippines 2017: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Philippines 2022: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, lived with, or in an intimate relationship with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Rwanda 2005: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Rwanda 2014: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Rwanda 2019: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Sao Tome 2008: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Senegal 2017: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Senegal 2018: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Senegal 2019: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Sierra Leone 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Sierra Leone 2019: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- South Africa 2016: Women age 18-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, lived with a partner, or had a boyfriend, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their spouse/partner/boyfriend.
- Tajikistan 2012: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Tajikistan 2017: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Tanzania 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Tanzania 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Tanzania 2022: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married, lived with, or in an intimate relationship with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Timor-Leste 2009: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Timor-Leste 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Togo 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Uganda 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Uganda 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Ukraine 2007: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Zambia 2007: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Zambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Zambia 2018: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Zimbabwe 2005: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Zimbabwe 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
- Zimbabwe 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, have ever been married or lived with a man, and have ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner.
