Codes and Frequencies
Description
For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPMSEVER (D107) indicates whether the woman ever experienced "more severe" violence from her husband/partner. The specific acts that are considered "more severe" vary across samples. See the "Comparability" tab for more information.
The complementary variable DVPLSEVER indicates a woman's experience with "less severe" violence from a husband or partner.
Comparability — Index
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GENERAL Burkina Faso Cote d'Ivoire Egypt |
Ghana Jordan Kenya Malawi |
Mali South Africa Zimbabwe |
Comparability
DVPMSEVER (D107) indicates whether the woman has a "Yes" response to any one of several variables about specific acts of violence. The constituent variables used to construct DVPMSEVER vary across samples. Please consult the relevant variable descriptions for each of the constituent variables listed below for a discussion of their own cross-sample comparability issues.
The majority of samples use DVPCHOKE, DVPKNFTHUSE and DVPKICK as constituent variables for DVPMSEVER. However, a large portion of samples vary from this norm by excluding DVPKICK, and, instead of using DVPKNIFETHUSE, using the separate variables DVPKNIFETH and DVPKNIFEUSE. Users of DVPMSEVER should be careful to read the discussion on their specific samples when using this variable; unless otherwise mentioned below, users can assume DVPMSEVER uses DVPCHOKE, DVPKNFTHUSE and DVPKICK as constitutive variables.
It should be noted that the DHS classification of certain acts as "more severe" violence differs from the classificatory scheme put forward by researchers from the World Health Organization (WHO). Garcia-Moreno, Jansen, Ellsberg, Heise, and Watts propose the following division (with relevant IPUMS-DHS variables following in parentheses) in a widely cited 2006 paper here:
Moderate Violence
Researchers who wish to adopt the WHO definitions may construct their own variables based on the above scheme to indicate experience with moderate or severe violence, rather than using DVPLSEVER and DVPMSEVER.
Comparability - Standard DHS
The variables used to construct DVPMSEVER (D107) are not included in the standard DHS questionnaire for any phase, but it is based on questions included in phases IV, V, VI, and VII of the standard domestic violence module.
Comparability — Burkina Faso [top]
Burkina Faso 2010 constituent variables for DVPMSEVER are DVPCHOKE, DVPKNIFETH, and DVPKNIFEUSE. This sample excludes DVPKICK as a constituent variable.
Comparability — Cote d'Ivoire [top]
Côte d’Ivoire 2011's constituent variables for DVPMSEVER are DVPCHOKE, DVPKNIFETH, DVPKNIFEUSE and DVPKICK. This DVPMSEVER variable aligns closely with the standard in terms of content, but is slightly different in that it uses two variables (DVPKNIFETH and DVPKNIFEUSE) rather than a combined variable (DVPKNIFETHUSE).
Comparability — Egypt [top]
Egypt 2005 constituent variables for DVPMSEVER are DVPCHOKE, DVPKNIFETH, and DVPKNIFEUSE. This sample excludes DVPKICK as a constituent variable.
Comparability — Ghana [top]
Ghana 2008's constituent variables for DVPMSEVER are DVPCHOKE and DVPKNIFETHUSE; DVPMSEVER excludes DVPKICK as a constituent variable.
Comparability — Jordan [top]
The 2007 Jordan sample's constituent variables for DVPMSEVER are DVPCHOKE, DVPKNIFETH, and DVPKNIFEUSE. This sample excludes DVPKICK as a constituent variable.
The 2012 Jordan sample's DVPMSEVER variables align with the standard, using DVPCHOKE, DVPKNFTHUSE and DVPKICK as constituent variables.
Comparability — Kenya [top]
Kenya 2003's constituent variables for DVPMSEVER are DVPCHOKE, DVPKNIFETH, and DVPKNFTHUSE. This sample excludes DVPKICK as a constituent variable.
Kenya 2008 and 2014's DVPMSEVER variables align with the standard, using DVPCHOKE, DVPKNFTHUSE and DVPKICK as constituent variables.
Comparability — Malawi [top]
Malawi 2004's constituent variables for DVPMSEVER are DVPCHOKE, DVPKNIFETH, and DVPKNIFEUSE. This sample excludes DVPKICK as a constituent variable.
Malawi 2010 and 2016's DVPMSEVER variable aligns with the standard, using DVPCHOKE, DVPKNFTHUSE and DVPKICK as constituent variables.
Comparability — Mali [top]
Mali 2006's constituent variables for DVPMSEVER are DVPCHOKE, DVPKNIFETH, and DVPKNIFEUSE. This sample excludes DVPKICK as a constituent variable.
Mali 2012's DVPMSEVER variable aligns with the standard, using DVPCHOKE, DVPKNFTHUSE and DVPKICK as constituent variables.
Mali 2018's DVPMSEVER constituent variables for DVPMSEVER are DVPCHOKE, DVPKNIFETH, and DVPKICK. This sample excludes DVPKNFTHUSE as a constituent variable.
Comparability — South Africa [top]
The 2016 South Africa survey asks about the respondent's current or most recent spouse, live-in partner, or boyfriend.
Comparability — Zimbabwe [top]
Zimbabwe 2005's constituent variables for DVPMSEVER are DVPCHOKE, DVPKNIFETH, and DVPKNIFEUSE. This sample excludes DVPKICK as a constituent variable.
Zimbabwe 2010 and 2015's DVPMSEVER variables align with the standard, using DVPCHOKE, DVPKNFTHUSE and DVPKICK as constituent variables.
Universe
- Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module.
- Angola 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Bangladesh 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module.
- Benin 2017: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Burkina Faso 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Burundi 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Cameroon 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Cameroon 2018: Women age 15-64 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Chad 2014: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man, in households selected for the men's survey.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Cote d'Ivoire 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module.
- Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module.
- Ethiopia 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Ghana 2008: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- India 2005: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been in a consummated marriage.
- India 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been in a consummated marriage.
- Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module.
- Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module.
- Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module.
- Kenya 2003: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man (excluding widows).
- Kenya 2008: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man, in households selected for the long questionnaire.
- Liberia 2007: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Malawi 2004: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man (excluding widows).
- Malawi 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Malawi 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Mali 2006: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Mali 2012: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Mali 2018: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Mozambique 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Myanmar 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married.
- Namibia 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Nepal 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Nepal 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Nigeria 2008: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Nigeria 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Nigeria 2018: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Pakistan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module.
- Pakistan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module.
- Rwanda 2005: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Rwanda 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Rwanda 2014: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Senegal 2017: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- South Africa 2016: Women age 18-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a partner, or have ever had a boyfriend.
- Tanzania 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Tanzania 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Togo 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Uganda 2011: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Uganda 2016: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Zambia 2007: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Zambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Zambia 2018: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Zimbabwe 2005: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Zimbabwe 2010: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
- Zimbabwe 2015: Women age 15-49 who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and have ever been married or lived with a man.
