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ANCARENURM_ALL (M2B_X)
Nurse/midwife gave antenatal care
Return to Maternal antenatal care, general variables list

ANCARENURM_ALL variables are 1-digit variables.

Codes

0 = No
1 = Yes
8 = Missing
9 = NIU (not in universe)

Description

For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARENURM_ALL (M2B_x) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported that a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) gave antenatal care.

ANCARENURM_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARENURM_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARENURM_02, ANCARENURM_03, ANCARENURM_04, ANCARENURM_05, and ANCARENURM_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARENURM_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file.

For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANCARENURM_01) and, in a few cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANCARENURM_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent births are noted in the comparability section.

For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCARENURM_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS.

Some samples in the "ANCARE" series, such as ANCARENURM_ALL, include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables.

For example, a given sample might include separate response categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create the more comprehensive response category in ANCARENURM_ALL. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories included in this variable for relevant samples.

Comparability

In addition to universe differences, ANCARENURM_ALL varies slightly in question wording. Most commonly, this response category is organized under the "Health Personnel" header and is worded as "nurse/midwife." However, some countries diverge from this standard convention, and, in some cases, multiple categories were consolidated to form a single, more comprehensive response. Countries of particular interest are noted below.

Comparability - Standard DHS

ANCARENURM_ALL (M2B_x) is included in the standard DHS questionnaire for Phase II forward.

Universe

  • Afghanistan 2015: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Angola 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 1994: Ever-married women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 1997: Ever-married women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Bangladesh 2000: Ever-married women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Benin 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2001: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Benin 2017: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burkina Faso 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burkina Faso 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burkina Faso 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burundi 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Burundi 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 1991: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cameroon 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Central African Republic 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Chad 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Chad 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Chad 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Comoros 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Comoros 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2007: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Congo (Democratic Republic) 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Congo Brazzaville 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1994: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Cote d'Ivoire 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 1992: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 1995: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 2000: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 2003: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 2005: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 2008: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Egypt 2014: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Eswatini (Swaziland) 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ethiopia 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ethiopia 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ethiopia 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gabon 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gabon 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Gambia 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Ghana 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 1999: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Guinea 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • India 1992: Ever-married women age 13-49 who gave birth in the 4 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 1990: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 1997: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2002: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2007: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2012: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Jordan 2017: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 1993: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Kenya 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Lesotho 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Lesotho 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Liberia 2007: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Liberia 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Liberia 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Madagascar 2021: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Malawi 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mali 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2001: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mali 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Morocco 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Morocco 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mozambique 1997: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Mozambique 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Mozambique 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Namibia 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Namibia 2000: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Namibia 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Namibia 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 1996: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 2001: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nepal 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Niger 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Niger 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Niger 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Niger 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 1999: Women age 10-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2003: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Nigeria 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Rwanda 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Sao Tome 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Senegal 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and who received antenatal care.
  • Senegal 2012: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and who received antenatal care.
  • Senegal 2014: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and who received antenatal care.
  • Senegal 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and who received antenatal care.
  • Senegal 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and who received antenatal care.
  • Senegal 2017: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Sierra Leone 2008: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Sierra Leone 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Sierra Leone 2019: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • South Africa 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • South Africa 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 1991: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 1999: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 2004: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Tanzania 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Togo 1998: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Togo 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 1995: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 4 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2001: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2006: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2011: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Uganda 2016: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Yemen 1991: Ever-married women age 15-54 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Yemen 2013: Ever-married women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 1992: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 1996: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 2001: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 2007: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 2013: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zambia 2018: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 1994: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 3 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 1999: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 2005: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 2010: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Zimbabwe 2015: Women age 15-49 who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey.
  • Afghanistan: 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Angola: 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Bangladesh: 1994-W, 1994-W, 1997-W, 1997-W, 2000-W, 2000-W
  • Benin: 1996-W, 2001-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2017-W, 2017-W
  • Burkina Faso: 1993-W, 1998-W, 2010-W, 2010-W
  • Burundi: 2010-W, 2010-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Cameroon: 1991-W, 1998-W, 2004-W, 2011-W, 2018-W
  • Central African Republic: 1995-W
  • Chad: 1996-W, 2004-W, 2014-W
  • Comoros: 1996-W, 2012-W
  • Congo (Democratic Republic): 2007-W, 2013-W
  • Congo Brazzaville: 2005-W, 2011-W
  • Cote d'Ivoire: 1994-W, 1998-W, 2011-W
  • Egypt: 1992-W, 1992-W, 1995-W, 1995-W, 2000-W, 2000-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Eswatini (Swaziland): 2006-W, 2006-W
  • Ethiopia: 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2019-W
  • Gabon: 2000-W, 2012-W
  • Gambia: 2013-W, 2019-W
  • Ghana: 1993-W, 1998-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2016-W
  • Guinea: 1999-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2012-W, 2018-W, 2018-W
  • India: 1992-W
  • Jordan: 1990-W, 1990-W, 1997-W, 1997-W, 2002-W, 2002-W, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2017-W, 2017-W
  • Kenya: 1993-W, 1998-W, 1998-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Lesotho: 2004-W, 2014-W, 2014-W
  • Liberia: 2007-W, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2019-W
  • Madagascar: 1992-W, 1997-W, 2021-W
  • Malawi: 1992-W, 2000-W, 2000-W, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Mali: 1995-W, 2001-W, 2001-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2018-W, 2018-W
  • Morocco: 1992-W, 1992-W, 2003-W, 2003-W
  • Mozambique: 1997-W, 2003-W, 2003-W, 2011-W, 2011-W
  • Namibia: 1992-W, 2000-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2013-W, 2013-W
  • Nepal: 1996-W, 2001-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Niger: 1992-W, 1998-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2012-W, 2012-W
  • Nigeria: 1999-W, 2003-W, 2008-W, 2008-W, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2018-W, 2018-W
  • Rwanda: 2008-W, 2019-W
  • Sao Tome: 2008-W
  • Senegal: 2005-W, 2005-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2012-W, 2012-W, 2014-W, 2014-W, 2015-W, 2015-W, 2016-W, 2016-W, 2017-W, 2017-W
  • Sierra Leone: 2008-W, 2013-W, 2019-W
  • South Africa: 1998-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Tanzania: 1991-W, 1996-W, 1999-W, 2004-W, 2004-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2015-W, 2015-W
  • Togo: 1998-W, 2013-W
  • Uganda: 1995-W, 2001-W, 2001-W, 2006-W, 2006-W, 2011-W, 2011-W, 2016-W, 2016-W
  • Yemen: 1991-W, 2013-W, 2013-W
  • Zambia: 1992-W, 1996-W, 2001-W, 2007-W, 2007-W, 2013-W, 2013-W, 2018-W, 2018-W
  • Zimbabwe: 1994-W, 1994-W, 1999-W, 1999-W, 2005-W, 2005-W, 2010-W, 2010-W, 2015-W, 2015-W